A diaphragm compressor is the same as a membrane compressor. It is a positive displacement reciprocating compressor using a flexible membrane or diaphragm in place of a piston.

The compression of gas occurs by means of a flexible membrane, instead of an intake element. The back and forth moving membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism. Only the membrane and the compressor box come in touch with pumped gas. Their construction is the best suited for pumping toxic and explosive gases.